Assassins military wing included the first documented assassins, Not at all complimentary about Al-HassanC Aagama (Sinhala Buddhist Religion)', the three are attributed to Sri Lanka with an inseparable fusion (trinity) derived from Mahavamsa as I have listed above (Jathika Chinthanaya/Mahavamsa mindset) and its primary outcome is the Sinhala-Only, Buddhist-Only, unitary state, All others are secondary, considered as from outside (migrants, invaders, etc) who are allowed to stay but they should not demand anything,,From a very young age, the innocent Sinhala Buddhist children are brainwashed by their parents/grandparents, teachers, Buddhist priests (some members of the Maha Sangha), media personnel, text book writers, and some of the Daham Paasela (Sunday school) teachers in the Buddhist temples by engraving the Sinhala-Buddhist Mahavansa mindset and Sinhala Buddhist racism into their sub-conscious minds, They are taught to believe that the non-Sinhala Buddhists (Tamils) are invaders who do not belong to Sri Lanka, All the Tamils should be chased away to Tamil Nadu (where they belong) just the way their ancient Kings like Dutugemunu did, The country (Sri Lanka), Sinhala race and Buddhism should be protected from the Tamils, Now, from recently, they have also included the Christians in those needing to be thrown out, Due to the above conditioning, the Sinhala-Buddhist majority believes that the entire Sri Lanka belongs to them and the minorities are aliens,When the Mahavamsa author Ven, Mahanama Thero created the above myth during the early period when there was a threat to Buddhism (mainly from South India), he would have never imagined that after 15 centuries, his myth would (misinterpreted in a political context) influence an ultra-nationalist/chauvinist mindset in the group of people (Sinhalese) that he created to protect Buddhism in Sri Lanka, and that he will become an unfortunate victim for the ethnic crisis that manifested from his creation, To be precise, a mythical mindset to establish a Sinhala Buddhist hegemonic (unitary) state that in turn influenced/created another mindset among the Tamils to create a separate Tamil state, For those who have misunderstood my article, I repeat that, by considering the era in which Mahavamsa was written (turbulent period), Ven, Mahanama cannot be blamed because his only motive was to uggs uk protect Buddhism,,For the Sinhala Buddhists nationalists, who have become myopic over the years of misinformation or lack of information, the Mahavamsa constitutes a sacred unquestionably legitimate proof of their original Sinhala Buddhist heritage and ownership of the island, According to the Sinhala nationalism the Mahavamsa mythology provides proof beyond doubt that the Sinhala race was the chosen people, the predestined custodian of the island and the guardian of Buddhism,The entire body of claims of Sinhala chauvinism, and the Sinhalese and their entire historical perception, all their inflated claims are based on this cooked up and concocted historical work called Mahavamsa,,5, How Sinhalese becoming Majority and the Tamil , can be used for general needs, However, in case of lath, flooring, and the shingling hatchets, the use is much more job specific, They can only be used for serving special purposes, such as installing drywall, or the gypsum boards, or laying the hardwood floors, etc,While purchasing a hatchet, one should be able to determine its quality on the basis of steel quality, (used at the head of the hatchet), the material used for the handle, the type of sharpening, tempering and the style of attachment used,, ugg sale uk What can the Holocaust teach us about bullying today, The Holocaust Memorial Center Zekelman Family Campus (HMC) in Michigan, visited annually by thousands of middle school and high school students, has for a long time attempted to instill socially responsible behavior among younger generations,, The presentations by its docents and survivors invariably point out that the horror of the Holocaust and other genocides teach a hard-won lesson: We must learn to fully accept people of other backgrounds, and we must fight discrimination and violence directed at those we feel are different to us,,In the 1930s and 1940s, the gradual exclusion of Jewish school children in Germany and Austria from regular activities, their subsequent isolation from non-Jewish fellow students and the ultimate violence directed at them have provided our speakers with examples of what can happen as a result of discrimination,,Eight decades later, most of us are saddened by the almost daily reports of bullying s sleep,, ,The search for an answer to this question began with the ancient Egyptians, who discovered that elevating pallets off the ground and placing a mattress original uggs [stuffed with palm bows] on top of it c,reated a surface that could help a person rest well at night,,, On the extravagant side and not to be outdone, ,King Tutankhamen had a bed made of ebony and gold
Classic" Neanderthals,who lived in SW France had morphological features that varied from their counterparts in the Levant prior to ca 45Ka,The back of Swanscombe, woman's braincase [ca 200,,Ka] has a number of Neanderthal type ugg australia sale uk features and several that are not radically different from early Homo sapiens,Neither of the above populations were homogeneous,R Green [2010] obtained a complete Neanderthal genome from the fossils of three individuals, at the Vindija cave,Croatia,To ascertain the divergence of the Neanderthal genome with respect to extant people,the genomes were sequenced for five individuals in different parts of the world,If Neanderthals on average across many independent regions of the genome are more closely related to some modern species than others,a prehistoric gene exchange might be implied parisons indicated that Neanderthals were more closely related to non-Africans than to Africans,which infers a prehistoric gene exchange with non-Africans of 1,3-2,7% [supplementary data,Weiwei Zhan,2010],R Green suggested that the gene exchange occurred in the Levant or Arabian peninsula ca 100-45Ka ago,His early admixture assessment is based on similar genetic relationships between Neanderthals and both the French and Papuan/Han samples[ibid],MtDNA analysis of the distal manual phalanx, of the fifth digit of a hominid at Denisova cave in the Altai Mountains revealed that Denisova I is almost three times more distant from Homo sapiens than from Neanderthals,The tenuous divergence time estimate suggest that Denisova I could have diverged [1,0,Ma] before the divergence of modern humans and Neanderthals [J Krause,2010],The nuclear genome study indicated that,on average,the Denisova I nuclear genome shares a more recent common ancestor with Neanderthals than with Homo sapiens parisons revealed that across abroad geographical range, Neanderthals had a population history that is distinct from Denisova I,[D Reich,2010],The archaic component of the Eurasian gene pool is not as closely related to Denisova I[1,8 +/- 0,5%] as it is to Neanderthals [4,6 +/- 0,7%] parisons of the Denisova I with 938 extant people from 53 populations provides a clear distinction between Papuan/ Bouganville Islanders and most other groups,Further comparisons with the nuclear genome from five modern humans from world wide populations revealed that Denisova I and the Melanesian had 4,0 +/- 0,7% more alleles in common than both the Neanderthals and the Melanesian specimen share,D Reich estimated that, 4,8+/- 0,5% of the Melanesians genome could be derived from Denisovans [ibid],Melanesians could have Neanderthal and Denisovan genes,Western Eurasians are unlikely to have any Denisova genes,The Narmada hominid fossils were recovered from a disturbed sedimentary section in the Narmada valley of central India,The age of, these remains is highly conjectural [ca 48 to >258Ka:M Petraglia,2007],The morphology of the partial calvaria is more advance than that of Homo erectus,but has not attained the development stage of modern humans,The Narmada specimen forms a clade with Neanderthals and Steinhiem,Its brain size is within the extant range 1155-1421cc [D Cameron,2004],It shares traits with Homo erectus,Neanderthals,Steinhiem and some early Homo sapiens,Model studies were conducted to compare the morphological characteristics of Narmada with Early Pleistcene,Holocene and Andaman Islander specimens [there were no Neanderthal specimens,which detracts from the validity of the results],On average the models indicated that Narmada was closest to Homo erectus,with, second preference to "HomoHeidalbergensis" [S Athhreya,2009],D Cameron [2004] theorized that the Narmada specimen might have had its genetic roots in, west-central EuropeWhether Narmada is ancestral to or has any relationship to Denisova I is a moot point,The Ngandong skulls were found on the near surface before the event of DNA,Prolonged exposure to modern environments would have destroyed any DNA that might have been preserved,Unless new specimens are found,which fortuitously have good DNA preservation,it is highly unlikely that there will be any diagnostic evidence of a Ngandong contribution to the present day gene pools in Island SE Asia/AustraliaThe excavation of LBI and its associated remains has generated a massive volume of literature,Whether the small LBI individual is a new species,an island dwarf or is the victim of a medical disorder,does not impact on this summary,If there were any Homo sapiens on Flores Island coeval with the occupation by LBI et al,any unlikely admixture of genes would probably be contained on the island,The presence of these small people on Flores Island was contemporary with the Neanderthals,Denisovans,Homo sapiens, and possibly the Ngandong hominids pre 30Ka ago,Future research may add to this number,,, In Bible Versus Quran: Who Deceived Eve, Satan Or The Serpent, Who is cursed in Bible vs, Quran-1,,This is the first article of the series: "Who is cursed in Bible versus Quran"In the Bible the Lord God says that the earth and the serpent are cursed,The Earth is Cursed because of Adam; thorns and thistles it shall bring forth for Adam to eat; the serpent is cursed because of Eve and it will eat dust,In the Quran, Allah has cursed Iblis (Satan or the Devil),,==================================,Who is cursed in the Bible, (1),The following verses, Genesis 3: 1, 11-18, which talks about Adam and Eve, reveals some interesting facts; they are:1-,,,, God has cursed the Earth and the serpent,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,2-,,,, The serpent is the craftiest animal and is the cause of Eve's fall3-,,,, Eve is the cause of Adam's fall4-,,,, Man rules over woman5-,,,, The serpent eats dust6-,,,, Adam was essentially vegetarian,,The verses Genesis 3: 1, 11-18 say:,The serpent is deceitful and skillful in evil schemes; it is craftier than any other beast of the field that the Lord God had made, The serpent said to Eve, "Did God actually say, 'You shall not eat of any tree in the garden',"God said unto Adam, "Who told you that you were naked, Have you eaten from the tree that I have commanded you not to eat from,"Adam said unto the Lord God, "The woman (Eve) whom you gave to be with me, she gave me fruit of the tree, and I ate,"The Lord God said to Eve, "What is this you have done," Eve said, "The serpent deceived and beguiled me, and I ate,"God said unto the serpent, "Because you have done this, cursed are you above all livestock and above all beasts of the field; on your belly you shall go, and dust you shall eat all the days of your life, I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and hers; he will crush your head, and you will strike his heel,"God said unto Eve, "I will surely multiply your pain in childbearing; in pain you shall bring forth children, Your desire shall be for your husband, and he shall rule over you,"The Lord God said unto Adam, "Because you listened to your wife and ate from the tree about which I commanded you, 'You must not eat of it,' "Cursed is the ground (the Earth) because of you; through painful toil you will eat of it (the Earth) all the days of your life; thorns and thistles it shall bring forth for you; and you shall eat the plants of the field,",==================================,Who is cursed in the Quran, (1),The following verses, 15:26-44, which talks about Adam's creation, reveals some interesting facts; they are:1-,,,, Allah created the jinn before the creation of Adam2-,,,, Allah created Adam of black mud that stinks; this indicates that the Bacteria (stinks) were mixed with the clay-Adam, These bacteria would form later on the normal body flora in the living-Adam, ,This normal body flora comprises 60-70% of the immunity of any human being including Adam,3-,,,, Allah celebrated the creation of Adam by commanding the Angels to prostrate once the clay-Adam turns out to be the living Adam when Allah places the spirit into him, This prostration is the Angel's greeting for Adam and it is a great honor for mankind,4-,,,, The Angels prostrated save the too proud Iblis (Satan) who was standing among the angels, watching Adam's creation,,,,,, 5- Then, there was a dialogue between Allah and Satan,,The verses 15:26-44 say:,Allah created the jinn before the creation of Adam of smokeless fire, of permeative fire that can escape through openings,Allah created Adam of black mud that stinks,Allah said to the angels, "Indeed I am going to create a mortal out of clay of black stinking mud", "So, when I have proportioned him, when I created his hands, legs, eyes and the rest of him and I have breathed into him of My Spirit, so that he becomes a living uggs uk thing, fall down in prostration before him!'And so, the angels fell prostrate to Adam, all of them together, Except Iblis (Satan or the Devil), he was [standing] among the angels: he felt too proud and refused to be among those prostrating to Adam,,Then, there was a dialogue between Allah and Satan (Iblis):,Allah said: O Iblis! Why you are not among those prostrating, Why do you not prostrate to Adam,,Satan said: Why should I prostrate myself before a mortal whom you have created out of clay of black stinking mud; it is not becoming of me to prostrate to black stinking mud,,Allah said: C which she claimed and sold as being made of veal, Unfortunately, Todd's collection of corpses filling the catacombs proved to be his undoing, The stench, once they began to rot, started to come up through the church, The rector began to investigate the cause, and eventually the bodies, bones, and bloody footprints leading to the pie-shop all were found, Todd and Lovett both were arrested, Before the trial, Lovett confessed to everything, but she killed herself with poison the night before she was to testify, Todd was tried on one charge of murder Sinhala' but as I said, before 9th century AD, the term Hela/Sinhala was not found in anywhere,Therefore, the concepts of a fully evolved 'thoroughbred Hela/Sinhala race' and a 'thoroughbred spoken/written Elu/Helu/Sihala language' before the 9th century AD are pure assumptions and cannot be proved, The form Hela appears for the first time for the geographical identity of the island in 8th century AD Sigiri Graffiti and Elu/Helu for the name of the language only after the 9th century AD Sinhala literature, The earliest Elu/Helu writings such as Siyabaslakara and Elu Sandas Lakuna do not lead us beyond the 9th Century AD, There was NO Elu/Hela/Sinhala literary work (other than Pali) found before this period, (Elu Bodhi Vamsa, Elu Akaradiya, Elu Hathvanagalu Vansaya, Elu Umanda, Elu Daladavansa Kavya, Elu Silowa, Elu Silo Sathakaya, Helusuthra etc were all written very much later),,On the other hand, the Sri Lankan Tamil writings/literature was all done after the 13th century AD, Vaiya was a historian who penned the poem "para-rasa-sekaran-ula" and the chronicle "Rasa-murai", written in the reign of king Seka-rasa-sekaran, Another known work was Vai-iai Padal and later work Vaipava-Malai and Kailaya Malai, Most of them were written as ala books made of Palmirah leaves, The writings in many cases were indistinct and were waiting for a proper interpretation and translation, They were carefully preserved in the Jaffna library until the modern Dutta-Gamini burnt them to ashes,,For those who believe in the weak argument by Prof, Paranavitana (a Sinhala biased researcher whose views were always one sided) who assumes that the dominant group of the kingdom ruled by the Anuradapura kings were all Sinhalese and that any ruler other than a Sinhalese in control of Anuradapura was a foreigner, in other words, he assumed like every other present day Sinhalese that since antiquity, Sinhala happened to be the norm in the country and no one bothered mentioning it, Very strangely, after the 9th century AD, they kept mentioning the word Tika' or Vansatthappakasini to explain/interpret the verses in Mahavamsa,, It is the Tika that talks about a mysterious "Sihala atthakatha" (Vamsa text known as original source) that has disappeared after the Mahavamsa was written, the main reason for calling the Pali chronicle of the Mahavihara as the chronicle of the Sinhalese, (What is believed to be "Sihala Attakatha" is nothing but the Indian Epics and Puranas written in Sanskrit),The Mahavamsa (Great Chronicle of historical poem) was written not as a history of Sri Lanka (or Sinhalese) but as a history of the Mahavihara (Theravada Buddhists), The Mahavamsa and Dipavamsa speaks ONLY of Theravada Buddhists and NOT Sinhala Buddhists, The original Mahavamsa (Mahawansha), is a historical poem written in Pali, which covers a period starting from the arrival of Vijaya (543 BC) to the time of Mahasena's rule (334-361 BC) written by the Venerable Mahanama Thero, an uncle of King Dhatusena,,To study the history of Sri Lanka (put it into context) and its people (Sinhalese/Tamils), its ancient religions (Buddhism/Hinduism), its languages/scripts and its culture we need to also study/understand the history of India (North and South) because the origin (roots) begin from there and both histories were always interconnected (umbilical cord) until independence,,1,1, Theravada Glorified,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, From the archeological/epigraphic evidence and the chronicles itself, it is clear that during the same period there also existed other religions such as Mahayana Buddhism, Saivism, Vaishnavism, Jainism, etc but they were all left out, It is also clear that, not only Yakkas, Nagas, Demadas and Kalingas, but also a few other tribes such as Kabojas/kambojas, Milekas, Muridis, Merayas and Jhavakas have also lived in the island during that period but right from Devanampiya Tissa to the end of Anuradapura period the Mahavamsa glorifies only the Theravada Buddhist kings, even though their ethnic background is never mentioned (an ethnic group or a dynasty called Hela/Sinhala is not at all mentioned accept twice in ugg boots sale uk the beginning chapter about Vijaya/Lion myth), Only the non-Buddhist kings were identified in the Mahavamsa (even though not mentioned in any epigraphy) as Damelars (outsiders/invaders), Therefore the Pali chronicles on which the authoritative history of the island is still based cannot be considered as a complete history of Sri Lanka or the history of the Sinhalese, and is also not much helpful to understand the Tamil history of Sri Lanka, In that sense, the Archaeological explorations and epigraphy are much more important than the biased and distorted past records of the chronicles that refers to events which happened many centuries earlier, as an account of the history of the island, In other words, we have to look for other sources to understand the actual history of the country and its people, Unfortunately none others, not even India (North & South) maintained any such chronological record or any other organized system to preserve their historical records, but that does not mean that they did not have a history or they do not have any other historical evidences,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, The Pali chronicles were written long after the events described took place (some of them more than 1000 years), Therefore these cannot be considered as accurate records of the events, These were written by Theravada Buddhist priests who mainly tried to convey a religious message using the events to illustrate the importance of the Theravada Buddhist religion, hence a very biased version, The description of the events had a very heavy religious flavor and the history was modified to glorify those kings who patronized and supported Buddhism and those who did not were portrayed as "bad kings", or "invaders", There was also a tendency to remain silent on the issues which did not portray Buddhism in a favorable light,,1,2, Bias towards North IndiaIt is also clear that the Mahavamsa is biased towards North India against the South, This may be because Buddhism and Pali came from there, It has been trying to minimize the South Indian component of the Lankan culture, adopting an anti-Tamil attitude and trying to maximize on an imaginary North Indian component of Lankan culture, Brahmanic revival, Bhakthi movement and extinction of Buddhism in India and the South Indian dynasties intervening in Sri Lanka may be the underlying reason for the formation of a Sinhala-Buddhist identity, To create the Sinhala-Buddhist society in the 5th century AD, the Mahavihara monks have imagined/visualized a mass scholars', It was eagerly welcomed by most Sinhala scholars who found the Aryan theory flattering in that it elevated them to the ranks of the kinsmen of their rulers, The combined result of the forces at work was the mischievous oversimplification of Sri Lankan History that the Sinhalese are Indo-Aryans who came from North India in the 6th century BC and the Dravidian Tamils are later migrants who came as invaders, traders and mercenaries to snatch a part of the promised land of the Sinhalese away, Influenced by the colonial historiography, the Sinhalese declared that they were indigenous to the island (first arrivals/natives), and that the Tamils were invaders (came later) from South India, The above facts and the non-existence of Tamil Buddhists during the colonial period (due to the aftermath of the 10th century Chola invasion) led the 19th century European Pali
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